Spyridon Stavrou PhD

Spyridon Stavrou

Spyridon Stavrou
PhD

Associate Professor

Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences


Specialty/Research Focus

Infectious Disease; Molecular and Cellular Biology; Retroviruses; Transgenic organisms; Viral Pathogenesis; Virology

Contact Information
955 Main Street, Rm 5228
Buffalo, New York 14203
Phone: 716-829-2994
stavrou2@buffalo.edu



Professional Summary:

The continuous evolutionary struggle between hosts and pathogens has driven the development of sophisticated cell intrinsic defense mechanisms that protect cells from viral infections. The primary focus of our laboratory is to understand the antiviral strategies employed by host cells to restrict viral replication and spread. In particular, we investigate host factors that target the envelope glycoproteins of retroviruses and coronaviruses, two medically important groups of enveloped RNA viruses.

Retroviruses comprise a large and diverse family of RNA viruses that can infect a variety of species and can lead to immune system dysfunction and cancer. The best-known member of this family is HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), which has caused millions of deaths worldwide. HIV-1 primary infects CD4+ T cells resulting in their progressive depletion and the gradual impairment of the immune system. As the immune system deteriorates, infected individuals become increasingly susceptible to opportunistic infections and cancers that can ultimately prove to be life-threatening.

Our group seeks to understand how host cells restrict HIV-1 infection, with a particular emphasis on cellular factors that target the HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein (Env), a viral protein essential for entry into new target cells and viral spread. We are interested in identifying and characterizing novel antiviral mechanisms that interfere with Env expression, trafficking, incorporation into virions, or function.

Because host-pathogen interactions are highly complex, a comprehensive understanding of antiviral immunity requires the integration of both in vitro and in vivo approaches. To this end, we employ murine retrovirus models, including Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) and Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV), which have provided fundamental insights into retrovirus biology and host defense mechanisms. By combining cell-based studies with animal models, we examine how cellular restriction factors function within the physiological context of a living organism and how these factors shape the outcome of retroviral infection.

Coronaviruses are a diverse family of enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses that infect a variety of species including humans. Disease manifestations range from mild respiratory illnesses to severe pneumonia and systemic illnesses. During their replication they can undergo extensive genetic variation, enabling cross-species transmission and the emergence of highly pathogenic viruses with a pandemic potential (e.g., SARS-CoV-2).

Our research focuses on determining the molecular mechanisms that govern host-coronavirus interactions, with an emphasis on host restriction factors that target the coronavirus envelope glycoproteins, particularly the Spike protein. We are also interested in the strategies employed by coronavirus accessory proteins to evade and counteract cellular intrinsic immunity. Understanding these virus-host interactions provides critical insight into the determinants of viral pathogenesis, transmission and immune evasion.

By dissecting the molecular pathways that govern host defenses against both retroviruses and coronaviruses, our goal is to identify novel targets for antiviral intervention and contribute to the development of next-generation antiviral therapeutics. Ultimately, our work seeks to advance our understanding of fundamental virus-host interactions and leverage this knowledge to improve human health.

Education and Training:

  • PhD, Microbiology, University of Chicago (2009)
  • MS, Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania (2003)
  • BA, Biology and Classical Studies, University of Pennsylvania (2001)

Employment:

  • Associate Professor, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (2024-present)
  • Assistant Professor, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (2018–2024)
  • Research Assistant Professor, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine (2016–2018)
  • Post Doctoral Fellow, Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine (2011–2016)
  • Graduate Student, Microbiology, University of Chicago (2003–2010)

Research Expertise:

  • Cell intrinsic immunity
  • Host cellular factors
  • Host-pathogens interactions
  • In vivo models of infection
  • Innate immunity
  • Retroviruses
  • Transgenic mice
  • Viral pathogenesis

Research Centers:

  • Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology

UB 2020 Strategic Strengths:

  • Health and Wellness Across the Lifespan
  • Molecular Recognition in Biological Systems and Bioinformatics

Grants and Sponsored Research:

  • July 2026–June 2031
    Nef-independent SERINC5 regulation
    NIH/NIAID
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $3,576,554
  • April 2026–March 2028
    F31-Kyle Salka: The anti-HIV function of EHD4
    NIH/NIAID
    Role: Other
    $68,908
  • July 2025–June 2027
    Determining the role of 90K on SARS-CoV-2
    NIH/NIAID
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $440,382
  • July 2025–June 2027
    EHD4 and its role on HIV-1 infection
    NIH/NIAID
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $438,014
  • July 2024–June 2027
    F31-Mary D'Angelo: Understanding the antiviral mechanism of MARCH9
    NIH/NIAID
    Role: Other
    $108,682
  • December 2021–November 2026
    MARCH proteins, members of a host protein family that targets HIV
    NIH/NIAID
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $1,974,920
  • April 2024–December 2024
    The interplay between patient-derived HIV-1 and cell intrinsic immunity
    Community Foundation of Greater Buffalo
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $3,000
  • August 2023–June 2024
    Grand Resubmission Award, R21 90K and SARS-CoV-2
    UB VPRED
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $15,000
  • May 2022–April 2024
    Elucidating the role of SERINC5 in SARS-CoV-2 infection
    NIAID
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $438,625
  • May 2022–April 2024
    Creation and validation of cell-based screening systems for SARS-CoV-2 drug targets
    NIAID
    Role: Co-Investigator
    $438,625
  • January 2022–December 2023
    Elucidating the antiviral role of LGALS3BP against SARS-CoV-2
    American Heart Association
    Role: Contributor
    $64,072
  • July 2022–June 2023
    Grant Resubmission Award, Hpse R21
    OVPRED
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $12,000
  • January 2020–December 2021
    The role of SERINC5 during retrovirus infection in vivo
    NIH/NIAID
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $435,650
  • August 2021–November 2021
    MARCH proteins, members of a host protein family that targets HIV
    NIAID
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $391,890
  • April 2018–March 2019
    A3G induced virus evolution
    amfAR Foundation
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $50,000
  • October 2014–September 2016
    A3G induced virus evolution
    amfAR Foundation
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $130,000
  • February 2013–January 2014
    The in vivo function of APOBEC3 during retrovirus infection
    National Institute of AIlergy and Infectious Diseases
    Role: Principal Investigator
    $53,942
See all (7 more)

Journal Articles:

See all (14 more)

Abstracts:

  • Umthong S., Timilsina U., Stavrou S. (2023) MARCH2, a T cell specific factor that inhibits HIV-1 infection. 33rd International Workshop on Retroviral Pathogenesis. Trento, Italy (Dec) Oral
  • Waxman B., Timilsina U., Umthong S., Stavrou S. (2023) Heparanase blocks retrovirus infection by targeting proviral transcription. American Society of Virology. (Jun) Oral
  • Umthong S., Timilsina U., D’Angelo M., Stavrou S. (2023) Characterization of MARCH2 protein and its anti-HIV-1 function. HIV vaccines, Immunoprophylaxis, and Drugs. (Jun) Poster
  • Waxman B., Timilsina U., Umthong S., Stavrou S. (2023) Heparanase blocks retrovirus infection by targeting provirus transcription. Cold Spring Harbor, Retroviruses. (May) Poster
  • Timilsina U., Umthong S., D’Angelo M., Stavrou S. (2023) MARCH2 restricts HIV-1 infection as a T cell specific factor. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Retroviruses. (May) Oral
  • Waxman B, Timilsina U, Umthong S, Stavrou S,. (2022) Heparanase (HPSE), an ISG, blocks retrovirus infection at a post-integration step. American Society of Virology. (Jul) Poster; Oral
  • Timilsina U, Umthong S, Stavrou S,. (2022) MARCH2, a T cell specific factor that restricts HIV-1 infection. American Society of Virology. (Jul) Oral
  • Ivey EB, Timilsina U, Stavrou S. (2022) LGALS3BP/90K restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting the Spike glycoprotein. American Society of Virology. (Jul) Oral
  • Stavrou S, Timilsina U, Umthong S,. (2022) SERINC5, a novel target of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a. Positive-strand RNA Virus Meeting. Keystone, Colorado (Jun) Poster
  • Timilsina U., Umthong S., Stavrou S.,. (2021) SERINC5 potently restricts SARS-CoV-2 entry and is counteracted by Orf7a. American Society of Virology. (Jul) Oral
  • Umthong S., Lynch B., Timilsina U., Waxman B., Ivey EB., Stavrou S. (2021) Elucidating the role of MARCH family proteins on viral envelope glycoproteins. Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor, New YorkUnited States (Jun) Oral
  • Umthong S., Timilsina U., Waxman B., Lynch B., Stavrou S. (2020) Elucidating the roles of the murine MARCH protein family on retrovirus infection. ASV. Fort Collins/Virtual, ColoradoUnited States (Jun) Oral
  • Timilsina U., Umthong S., Lynch B., Stavrou S. (2020) SERINC5-mediated restriction of MLV infection in vivo is dependent on glyco-Gag and the viral envelope. Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor, New YorkUnited States (May) Oral
  • Timilsina U., Umthong S., Stablewski A., Stavrou S. (2020) SERINC5 potently restricts retrovirus infection in vivo. ASV. Fort Collins/Virtual, ColoradoUnited States (Jan) Oral
  • Stavrou S., Blouch K., Agarwal N., Bass A., Ross S.R.,. (2017) Sensing of reverse transcripts is critical for the in vivo control of retrovirus infection. American Society of Virology. Madison, WisconsinUnited States (Jun) Oral
  • Stavrou S., Blouch K., Ross S.R. (2017) The nucleic acid sensor DDX41 recognizes retroviral RNA/DNA hybrids and is critical for controlling in vivo infection. Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor, New YorkUnited States (May) Oral
  • Stavrou S., Blouch K., Ross S.R. (2016) Sensing of reverse transcripts is critical for the in vivo control of retrovirus infection. The 28th International Workshop on Retrovirus Pathogenesis. New Orleans, LouisianaUnited States (Dec) Oral
  • Cadena C., Stavrou S., Iyer S., Bibollet-Ruche F., Hahn B., Browne E.P., Ross S.R. (2015) Modeling HIV VIF/APOBEC3G interactions in mice. Retroviruses. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaUnited States (May) Poster
  • Stavrou S., Blouch K., Ross S.R. (2015) The cytidine deamination domains (CDAs) of mouse APOBEC3 are dispensable for retrovirus restriction. Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor, New YorkUnited States (May) Poster
  • Stavrou S., Blouch K., Bass A., Ross S.R. (2015) DDX41, IFI203 and CGAS synergistically detect reverse transcripts and activate the type I IFN response. Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor, New YorkUnited States (May) Oral
See all (10 more)

Professional Memberships:

  • American Society of Virology (2018–present)
  • AAAS (2018–present)
  • American Society of Microbiology (2016–present)

Presentations:

  • "An Army of MARCHes: Intracellular Defenses against HIV-1" Ohio State University, Center for Retrovirus Research (2025)
  • "Defenders vs. Invaders: The Role of Restriction Factors in Retrovirus Defens" SUNY, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Division (2025)
  • "Defenders vs. Invaders: The Role of Restriction Factors in Retrovirus Defense" SUNY, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, GEM Work-in-Progress (2025)
  • "Defenders vs. Invaders: The Role of Restriction Factors in Retrovirus Defense" East Carolina University, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology (2024)
  • "MARCH2, a host factor that inhibits HIV-1 infection in a T cell dependent manne" SUNY, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Structural Biology Department (2024)
  • "MARCH2, a host factor that inhibits HIV-1 infection in a T cell dependent manner" Western University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology (2024)
  • "SERINC5, a host factor with broad antiviral functions" University of Puerto Rico, Dept of Chemistry (2024)
  • "MARCH2, a host factor that inhibits HIV-1 infection in a T cell dependent manner" SUNY, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Division (2023)
  • "Restriction factors and viral envelopes: From retroviruses to coronaviruses" Stony Brook University, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology (2023)
  • "MARCH proteins potently restrict retrovirus infection" Institut Pasteur de Montevideo (2023)
  • "SERINC5, a host factor with a broad repertoire of viral targets" University of Chicago, Dept of Microbiology (2023)
  • "SERINC5, a host factor with broad antiviral function" Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases (OCRID) (2023)
  • "Heparanase, a novel regulator of proviral transcription" SUNY, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Division (2022)
  • "SERINC5, an important antiviral gene, blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection and is counteracted by SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a" Chulalongkorn University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division (2022)
  • "SERINC5, a novel target of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a" UIC Department of Microbiology (2022)
  • "SERINC5, a potent factor of the host antiviral defense" Midwestern University, Department of Anatomy (2021)
  • "Elucidating the role of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a" SUNY, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Division (2021)
  • "Elucidating the antiviral role of MARCH proteins" SUNY, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Oral Biology Department (2021)
  • "Elucidating the antiviral role of MARCH proteins" IDI Viruses & Emerging Pathogens seminar series, Ohio State University (2021)
  • "MARCH proteins potently restrict viral infections" SUNY, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Division (2020)
  • "MARCH proteins potently restrict retrovirus infection" Annual Upstate New York Immunology Conference (2019)
  • "The role of host cell restriction factors on retrovirus infection" Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dept of Molecular and Cellular Biology (2019)
  • "APOBEC3 and cytosolic DNA sensors synergistically counteract retrovirus infection" University of Indiana, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology (2017)
  • "APOBEC3 and cytosolic DNA sensors synergistically counteract retrovirus infection" University of Illinois at Chicago, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, (2016)
  • "APOBEC3 and cytosolic DNA sensors synergistically counteract retrovirus infection" University of Pennsylvania, Dept of Microbiology (2016)
  • "APOBEC3 and cytosolic DNA sensors synergistically counteract retrovirus infection" University of Texas A&M, Dept of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology (2016)
See all (16 more)

Service Activities:

  • MCV study section; Standing member (2025–present)
  • Plos Pathogens; Guest Editor (2025)
  • 34th International Workshop on Retrovirus Pathogenesis: Chair of the “Restriction Factors and their antagonists” Session; Session Chair (2025)
  • ID Chief Search Committee member; Search committee member (2025)
  • STEM Career Talk at the 2023 Summer Research Program for High School; Invited Speaker (2025)
  • CSTEP Research Symposium; Poster Judge (2025)
  • American Society of Virology Annual meeting: Chair of the “Receptors, Attachment and Entry II” Workshop; Session Chair (2025)
  • CLIMB program; Admissions Committee Member (2025)
  • Medical School Research Forum; Poster Judge (2025)
  • Plos Pathogens; Guest Editor (2024)
  • PPBS First year curriculum update; Committee member (2024)
  • NIH Fellowship panel; Panelist (2024)
  • CSTEP Research Symposium; Poster Judge (2024)
  • MCV study section; Ad hoc reviewer (2024)
  • NIH ZRG1 70C-S (20) L, Virology/Mycology Fellowship study section; Ad hoc reviewer (2024)
  • Medical School Research Forum; Poster Judge (2024)
  • International Journal of Molecular Science (IJMS); Guest Editor (2024)
  • mBIO; Guest Editor (2024)
  • PPBS Admission; Secondary Microbiology and Immunology reviewer (2023–2024)
  • 33rd International Workshop on Retrovirus Pathogenesis, Chair of the Innate Immunity session; Session Chair (2023)
  • Integrated Canada’s Biomedical Research Fund and Biosciences Research Infrastructure Fund (CBRF-BRIF Stage 2); Ad hoc reviewer (2023)
  • Faculty Search Committee (2023–present)
  • UB/SUNY-UWI Global Infectious Diseases (GID) Research Training Program.; Mentor (2023–present)
  • NIH ZRG1 70C-S (20), Virology/Mycology Fellowship study section; Ad hoc reviewer (2023)
  • STEM Career Talk at the 2023 Summer Research Program for High School Students, St Bonaventure University; Invited speaker (2023)
  • CSTEP Research Symposium; Poster Judge (2023)
  • American Society of Virology 2023 meeting, “Retroviruses I” Workshop Chair; Session Chair (2023)
  • Cold Spring Harbor, Retroviruses meeting, session Chair of the RNA, transport and Assembly session; Session Chair (2023)
  • Medical School Research Forum; Poster Judge (2023)
  • Faculty Search Committee (2022–2023)
  • 12th Annual UB Postdoc Research Symposium; Poster Judge (2022)
  • ASV Program Committee; Committee member (2022–present)
  • PPBS Steering Committee; Microbiology and Immunology representative (2022–present)
  • CSTEP Research Symposium; Poster Judge (2022)
  • American Society of Virology 2022 meeting, “Retroviruses” Workshop Chair; Session Chair (2022)
  • VIRA study section; Ad hoc reviewer (2022)
  • Nature Communications; Ad hoc reviewer (2022–present)
  • Medical School Research Forum; Poster Judge (2022)
  • Frontiers in Immunology; Ad hoc reviewer (2022–present)
  • PPBS Admission; Primary Microbiology and Immunology reviewer (2021–2023)
  • NIH VIRA study section; ad hoc (2021)
  • Member of the UB Faculty senate; member (2021–2023)
  • American Society of Virology 2021 meeting, “Receptors, Attachment and Entry” Workshop co-Chair; Co-chair (2021)
  • CSTEP Research Symposium; Poster Judge (2021)
  • Medical School Research forum; Poster Judge (2021)
  • Faculty Council; Microbiology and Immunology Representative (2020–present)
  • Medical School Research Forum; Poster Judge (2020)
  • Microorganisms; Ad hoc reviewer (2020–present)
  • Cell Reports; Ad hoc reviewer (2020–present)
  • Current Research in Virological Science; Ad hoc reviewer (2020–present)
  • Small GTPases; Ad hoc reviewer (2020–present)
  • PPBS admissions; Secondary Microbiology and Immunology reviewer (2019–2021)
  • New Frontiers Distinguished Seminar; Co-Organizer (2019–present)
  • CSTEP Research Symposium; Poster Judge (2019)
  • AmfAR Mathilde Krim Fellowship reviewer; Ad hoc reviewer (2019)
  • PPBS Admissions; Interviewer (2019)
  • mBio; Ad hoc reviewer (2019–present)
  • Plos Pathogens; Ad hoc reviewer (2019–present)
  • Netter Award Selection Committee member, Western NY ASM Chapter; Award selection Committee (2018–2019)
  • Witebsky Center Annual Buffalo Conference on Microbial Pathogenesis; Conference co-organizer and host of Virology speaker (2018–present)
  • Gorzynski Award Selection; Committee Member (2018–2019)
  • Annual UB Postdoc Research Symposium; Poster Judge (2018–2019)
  • Plos One; Academic Editor (2018–present)
  • Journal of Cellular Biochemistry; Ad hoc reviewer (2018–present)
  • Cells; Ad hoc reviewer (2017–present)
  • Viruses; Ad Hoc Reviewer (2017–present)
  • Journal of Virology; Ad Hoc Reviewer (2016–present)

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Contact Information

955 Main Street, Rm 5228
Buffalo, New York 14203
Phone: 716-829-2994
stavrou2@buffalo.edu