
Associate Professor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences
Infectious Disease; Molecular and Cellular Biology; Retroviruses; Transgenic organisms; Viral Pathogenesis; Virology
The continuous evolutionary struggle between hosts and pathogens has driven the development of sophisticated cell intrinsic defense mechanisms that protect cells from viral infections. The primary focus of our laboratory is to understand the antiviral strategies employed by host cells to restrict viral replication and spread. In particular, we investigate host factors that target the envelope glycoproteins of retroviruses and coronaviruses, two medically important groups of enveloped RNA viruses.
Retroviruses comprise a large and diverse family of RNA viruses that can infect a variety of species and can lead to immune system dysfunction and cancer. The best-known member of this family is HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), which has caused millions of deaths worldwide. HIV-1 primary infects CD4+ T cells resulting in their progressive depletion and the gradual impairment of the immune system. As the immune system deteriorates, infected individuals become increasingly susceptible to opportunistic infections and cancers that can ultimately prove to be life-threatening.
Our group seeks to understand how host cells restrict HIV-1 infection, with a particular emphasis on cellular factors that target the HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein (Env), a viral protein essential for entry into new target cells and viral spread. We are interested in identifying and characterizing novel antiviral mechanisms that interfere with Env expression, trafficking, incorporation into virions, or function.
Because host-pathogen interactions are highly complex, a comprehensive understanding of antiviral immunity requires the integration of both in vitro and in vivo approaches. To this end, we employ murine retrovirus models, including Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) and Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV), which have provided fundamental insights into retrovirus biology and host defense mechanisms. By combining cell-based studies with animal models, we examine how cellular restriction factors function within the physiological context of a living organism and how these factors shape the outcome of retroviral infection.
Coronaviruses are a diverse family of enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses that infect a variety of species including humans. Disease manifestations range from mild respiratory illnesses to severe pneumonia and systemic illnesses. During their replication they can undergo extensive genetic variation, enabling cross-species transmission and the emergence of highly pathogenic viruses with a pandemic potential (e.g., SARS-CoV-2).
Our research focuses on determining the molecular mechanisms that govern host-coronavirus interactions, with an emphasis on host restriction factors that target the coronavirus envelope glycoproteins, particularly the Spike protein. We are also interested in the strategies employed by coronavirus accessory proteins to evade and counteract cellular intrinsic immunity. Understanding these virus-host interactions provides critical insight into the determinants of viral pathogenesis, transmission and immune evasion.
By dissecting the molecular pathways that govern host defenses against both retroviruses and coronaviruses, our goal is to identify novel targets for antiviral intervention and contribute to the development of next-generation antiviral therapeutics. Ultimately, our work seeks to advance our understanding of fundamental virus-host interactions and leverage this knowledge to improve human health.