Nearly All New Local COVID Infections Are Delta Variant

Given the ubiquity of the delta variant nationwide, that’s not surprising, but the Jacobs School scientists are expressing concern at the speed with which the delta variant became dominant in the region. They note that it is another sign that more people need to get vaccinated and that masking and social distancing are increasingly important.

“What was really striking to me was that in May, of the cases we sequenced, 1 percent were delta, and in June 25 percent were delta. Then starting early July, every case except two were delta,” says Jennifer A. Surtees, PhD, associate professor of biochemistry and co-director of UB’s Genome, Environment and Microbiome Community of Excellence.

She and her colleagues at the Genomics and Bioinformatics Core in UB’s New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences have been conducting the only genomic sequencing of COVID-19 samples in Western New York.

Of the 121 samples that the UB team sequenced through July and August, 119 were delta. Of the remaining two, one was the gamma variant and the other was B.1.621, a variant first seen in Colombia, which now represents about 10 percent of cases in South Florida.

There isn’t much data on the B.1.621 variant yet, but Surtees says it has mutations that are concerning and is increasing worldwide.

“UB’s sequencing efforts are an important part of our local and regional disease surveillance,” explains Erie County Commissioner of Health Gale R. Burstein, MD, a clinical professor of pediatrics in the Jacobs School.

“The delta variant’s overwhelming prevalence in our area helps to explain the recent, exponential increase in COVID-19 cases and COVID-19-related hospitalizations,” she says. “However, our area’s relatively high vaccination rates have helped to counter the delta variant’s higher transmissibility. I recommend that anyone who has not received the COVID-19 vaccine to get vaccinated. This will protect you, your family and our community.”

The speed with which the delta variant has become dominant demonstrates how much of a threat the delta variant poses, Surtees notes.

“The fact that delta became dominant here so quickly tells us that the selective advantage of delta is dramatic,” she says. “It’s the same virus but it’s a more robust version. This is how evolution works and it’s happening so quickly because people are continuing to be infected.”

“The inability to contain this virus constitutes what is essentially a gigantic evolutionary experiment on a global scale,” Surtees explains. “This virus will continue to evolve as long as significant numbers of people continue to get infected. Getting vaccinated and taking other mitigation measures like masking and social distancing are effective actions we can take to slow the spread of the virus and save lives.”

Surtees notes that the number of samples sequenced in early July from infected people in Western New York was small. She expects to see many more cases of the delta variant when she and her UB colleagues sequence more samples.

The increased transmissibility of the delta variant has been seen worldwide and is now playing out nationally, with some areas experiencing the highest levels of infections they have seen throughout the pandemic.

Surtees notes that an early sign of how significant a threat the delta variant is came when reports from the United Kingdom indicated that a single dose of a COVID-19 vaccine wasn’t enough to protect individuals from getting sick.

“People infected with the delta variant are shedding about 1,000 times the viral load that people infected with earlier variants were shedding and these viruses seem better able to enter our cells,” she says.

“The vaccines remain very effective and are strongly protective against serious illness and hospitalizations,” Surtees continues. “However, because this virus is more transmissible and we are still learning about it, it’s important to add other mitigation approaches, such as masking and distancing, hand-washing, isolating, getting tested if you are symptomatic and avoiding large gatherings, especially indoors.”

“In the course of 18 months, we have gone through multiple iterations of this virus, which are increasingly transmissible and increasingly dangerous,” she says. “And there’s no reason to think it’s going to stop without containing the virus. So all of these approaches are important.”

Surtees notes that it’s especially important that parents and other adults who routinely come into contact with children under 12 who cannot yet be vaccinated, be vaccinated themselves because that provides some protection for the children.

“It is heartbreaking that some pediatric intensive care units across the South are filling up with children infected with COVID-19, cases that didn’t have to happen,” she says. “The importance of getting vaccinated is clear. It makes everybody safer.”

“One of the frustrations throughout this pandemic has been that it has been difficult for people to evolve in their thinking. Over the past 18 months, as we learned more about the virus, our knowledge base and the virus have been changing,” Surtees adds.

“When we get new information and new guidance based on that new information, that’s not flip-flopping, it’s not necessarily that we were wrong, it’s that the situation has changed. We have learned more and we need to adapt our policies and behaviors.”