IBS Patients Want Answers, Researchers Find

Patient satisfaction is playing an increasingly important role in evaluating the quality of health care and reimbursing physicians for it. Exactly what drives that satisfaction has been difficult to determine.

“Ideally, patient satisfaction should be strictly based on how care is delivered,” says Jeffrey M. Lackner, PsyD, professor of medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and senior author on the study. “But patient satisfaction is a subjective construct that is influenced by factors beyond quality of care.”

In the study, 16 percent of participants said they were “very satisfied” with prior care for their digestive problems, while those who rated their experience as either below average or average to good was the same, at 42 percent each. Participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of 0 to 10 with 0 being the worst care possible and 10 the best health care possible.

Surprisingly, the researchers found that patient satisfaction for these IBS patients was unrelated to either the severity or duration of their IBS symptoms or the impact that IBS had on their lives.

Lackner directs the Department of Medicine’s Behavioral Medicine Clinic, where he and his colleagues treat patients with a variety of painful disorders.

The goals of the study were to assess how patient factors, gastrointestinal symptoms and conditions and other physical and psychological factors impact patient satisfaction among IBS patients.

“We began this study because we don’t really know what drives patient satisfaction for functional gastrointestinal disorders like IBS,” Lackner says.

In the first part of their study, the researchers found that the more diagnostic tests — such as colonoscopies — that patients underwent, the more satisfied they were, but that finding seemed to be driven by whether or not a patient saw a gastroenterologist.

“When we introduced into the model whether or not the patient had seen a gastroenterologist, the power of tests to predict patient satisfaction went away,” Lackner says. “This leads us to believe that for this population, the gastroenterologist provides reassurance that the patient doesn’t have a life-threatening disease. So the reassurance they get from gastroenterologists is what predicts patient satisfaction, not the number of tests they undergo.”

Lackner notes that while patient satisfaction has proven difficult to characterize, it has far-reaching implications for many aspects of the doctor-patient relationship, including patient loyalty, adherence to treatment, readmission rates and the potential for malpractice.

Because IBS is a difficult and complex disorder that is associated with high rates of coexisting illnesses, Lackner says that gastroenterologists may be at a disadvantage in reimbursement schemes that focus on patient satisfaction ratings that can be influenced by nondigestive health factors.

“Patient satisfaction is a significant metric that impacts reimbursement as health care emphasizes the value of care, not the volume of care,” Lackner explains.

Eighty percent of participants were female and the average age was 41. Participants were being evaluated for a large, multicenter National Institutes of Health-funded trial Lackner is leading that will evaluate the efficacy of non-drug treatments for IBS patients.

“The bottom line is, there are a lot of factors that influence patient satisfaction and it turns out that many of them are not part of the delivery of care,” says Lackner.

The results of the study were presented in Chicago at Digestive Disease Week during the Clinical Practice Distinguished Abstract Plenary. The study’s title is “(Can’t Get No) Patient Satisfaction: The Predictive Power of Demographic, GI and Psychological Factors in IBS Patients.”

The research was funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Gregory D. Gudleski, PhD, research associate professor of medicine, is one of the co-authors of the study.

Other co-authors associated with the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences include:

• Leonard A. Katz, MD, professor emeritus of medicine
  
• Susan Krasner, PhD, clinical assistant professor of anesthesiology
  
• Brian M. Quigley, PhD, senior research scientist
• Christopher D. Radziwon, PhD, research scientist
• Michael D. Sitrin, professor emeritus of medicine
• Christopher C. Sova, doctoral candidate
  

Other co-authors are from Northwestern University, New York University and Mount Sinai.