Scales for Health Professionals

Leonard E. Egede, MD, the Charles and Mary Bauer Professor and Chair of the Department of Medicine, who is a nationally recognized health disparities researcher, has developed scales including:

• Multidimensional Trust in Health Care Systems Scale (MTHCSS), which is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the three objects of trust in health care and is correlated with patient-level health outcomes
• Diabetes Fatalism Scale (DFS), which is a valid and reliable measure of diabetes fatalism (diabetes fatalism is associated with self-care problems, poor glycemic control and decreased quality of life)

Are you a health professional who is interested in using Egede’s scales?

Once you complete and submit our Scale Use Request Form, a member of our team will be in touch with you shortly.

In the following papers, you can learn about the research scales that Egede developed. Plus, explore these papers that have used Egede’s scales:

Turkey is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes in Europe, with about  one in every seven adults diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. By 2035, Turkey will have the highest number of people  with type 2 diabetes in Europe, at almost 12 million. Mortality rates have increased with the increasing prevalence of  type 2 diabetes, especially in the younger population, such that half of the deaths come from those under sixty. The  beliefs and mental state of patients with chronic illnesses like diabetes can affect disease outcomes and the patients’ self-management. Self-care and diabetes medications are important components in improving the disease outcome, though many studies have shown that these activities can be negatively related to fatalism about the disease state. The aim of  this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the  Diabetes Fatalism Scale (DFS), which was developed Egede.

Authors: E. Kavuran; E. Yildiz

Journal: International Journal of Endocrinology

Publication year: 2022

There are widespread fatalistic beliefs in Arab countries, especially among individuals with diabetes. However, there is no tool to assess diabetes fatalism in this population. This study describes the processes used to create an Arabic version of the Diabetes Fatalism Scale (DFS) and examine its psychometric properties.

Authors: Ola Sukkarieh-Haraty; Leonard E. Egede; Joelle Abi Kharma; Maya Bassil

Journal: PLoS One

Publication year: 2018

People’s trust in the health system plays a role in explaining one’s access to and utilization of medical care, adherence to medications, continuity of care and even self-reported health status. Yet it is not easy to find trust measures and understand what they are measuring. A systematic review of scales and indices identified 45 measures of trust within the health system with an average of 12 questions each, which quantified levels of trust among various relationships across the health system. The authors developed a health systems trust content area framework, where they identified that honesty, communication, confidence and competence were captured frequently in these measures, with less focus on concepts such as fidelity, system trust, confidentiality and fairness.

Authors: Sachiko Ozawa; Pooja Sripad

Journal: Social Science & Medicine

Publication year: 2013

This study describes the development and validation of the Diabetes Fatalism Scale (DFS) in adults with type 2 diabetes. 

Authors: Leonard E. Egede; Charles Ellis

Journal: Journal of General Internal Medicine

Publication year: 2009

This paper describes the development and psycho-metric testing of the Multidimensional Trust in Health Care Systems Scale (MTHCSS). 

Authors: Leonard E. Egede; Charles Ellis

Journal: Journal of General Internal Medicine

Publication year: 2008